Affichage des articles dont le libellé est occupation. Afficher tous les articles
Affichage des articles dont le libellé est occupation. Afficher tous les articles

Russian Takeover of Ukraine: 2014

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                     

Fareed Zakaria of CNN spoke about the Ukraine takeover of Russia and NATO not being strong enough to prevent one  this Sunday morning.  It's something that the 484,129 Jews that were living there in 1989 didn't see coming.  "Nobody thought it would be a real war, a real invasion, a real occupation.  In the 21st century, it is very strange to conceive of it.  People tend to more easily believe in good and not bad."

The Russian President, Vladimir Putin, sent "heavily armed militias into eastern Ukraine in early 2014" and said that they had no connection to Moscow.  Well, who did they have connection with, then?  This was never answered by him, and the international community didn't believe him and shouldn't.  He lied.

About 8,000 people have been killed, tens of thousands injured, and hundreds of thousands have fled to become refugees.  For Jews, this is like reliving the horrors of the Holocaust 75 years ago.
                                                                           
Putin is trying to regain land once belonging to Russia before WWI.  It was Catherine II who decreed that Jews were to live in the Pale of Settlement and not Russia proper.  Starting with Catherine I, the situation for Jews was bad.  She ruled from 1725 to 1727 and decreed in May 1727 that all Jews were to leave "Little Russia"  and that The Pale included the Ukraine. "Little Russia had with time,  developed into a political and geographical term in the Russian language referring to most of the territory of modern-day Ukraine before the twentieth century."   The 2nd Catherine ruled from 1762 to 1796 and her Jewish policy was marked by a  mixture of liberalism and coercion.  They were allowed to register in the merchant and urban classes in 1780, but permission was restricted to White Russia in 1786, which was the start of the Pale of Settlement.  She wound up preventing the extension of Jewish settlement and in 1795, kept Jewish residence in only the rural areas.  The Pale of Settlement was made up of 25 provinces of Czarist Russia in the countries of Poland, Lithuania, White Russia (Belorussia) , Ukraine, Bessarabia (formerly Romanian, now in Moldavian and Ukrainian Republics ) and Crimea, the only places Jews were given permission to have permanent residence.

Terrible massacres of Jews took place in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Chmielnicki massacres and the Haidamak uprising-massacres.  To be remembered is that the Ukraine has been the scene of pogroms in 1905 and from 1918 to 1920, the end of WWI.  The Soviets did promote Jewish settlement in the 1920s in the Ukraine with American Jewish funding.  By 1930 there were 90,000 Jewish farmers there.  Half of Soviet Russia's 3 million Jews lived in Ukraine before WWII.  Under Nazi rule, Jews who had not fled to Russia were wiped out by the Germans and Ukrainians in 1941 and 1942. Babi Yar was a most terrible event for Jews.  This is the name of a ravine outside of Kiev where tens of thousands of Jews were killed in September 1941.  The Ukrainians didn't bother to put up a memorial for the Jews until the 1980s.   By 1989, Jews had returned and numbered 484,129.
                                                                       
According to the UN, at least 250,000 IDPs (internally displaced Ukrainians have fled and flooded Kiev, the capital,  in the last 18 months.  More have looked for sanctuary in other major towns in central and western Ukraine, among them being probably thousands of Jews.  Back in July of 2013, Kiev's population was 2,847,200 and was the 8th largest city in Europe.  Now the population is up to at least 3 million and the cost of living is much higher than in cities people were driven from in the Russian occupation.
                                                                           
Donetsk, 5th largest city in Ukraine in 2001 with about 2 million living in metropolitan area,
and a population of 953,217 in the city itself.  
One Jewish grandmother is an English speaker,  relating her circumstance,  came from Donetsk, an industrial town in eastern Ukraine. She saw the town airport bombed and her daughter's home was bombed.   She has a PhD in Literature and her husband was an ear, nose and throat doctor in a major hospital.  A steady stream of self-sufficient Jews have had to give up their security in the past 18 months to head for Kiev, leaving bombed out homes of their past years.  Everyone, including Jews, have become refugees fleeing from a far superior, well-armed advancing force, fleeing with only the clothes on their backs from violent militias.  They've had to leave behind them their possessions, missing relatives and old friends.  Her son in law attended a meeting in Donetsk supporting Ukrainian independence and was attacked by Russian separatists wielding clubs.  It was his father in law who had to perform emergency surgery on him that saved his life after the attack.

This Jewish grandmother who had lived in Moscow during procuring her PhD saw up close the invaders from Russia, and they were not native Ukrainians.  Natives of Donetsk, Ukraine speak Surzhyk, a mixture of Ukrainian and Russian.  The invaders, she said, were speaking pure Russian.

They can't afford to live in Kiev since 2015 when Ukraine's currency, the Hryvnia collapsed. There are people who only have less than 2,400 Hryvnia a month to live on which is $110 in dollars.  It has declined from this figure already and as of Valentine's Day 2016, is worth  $91.7782 a month.  Some poor Jewish people in Kiev are living on only 700 Hryvnia a month which right now is only worth $26.7686.  Paul Alster, author,  had stopped at a cafe in Kiev and he and his 2 friends had had 3 cups of coffee with a few biscuits which cost over 200 Hryvnia! That would be $7.65.    Right now one Hryvnia = 0.038 dollar or 38 cents.

Incidently, Kiev  was founded in the 8th century, most likely by the Khazars, who were Jewish merchants who had visited the town in the 9th and 10th century.  Their country, Khazaria,  ended with a Russian takeover.  Peter the Great had allowed Jews to trade in Kiev from 1708, so in 1827, Kiev was decided to NOT be a part of the Pale of Settlement.   By 1857, Kiev  had become one of the largest Russian communities.

The Ukrainians have a horrible history of anti-Semitism.  The Holocaust only played up on what feelings were already shared with the Nazis.  Now they are experiencing just a tad of what Jews of 1941 experienced, along with today's Jews.  No one should have to go through such a horrible trial.  This is what Russia does in an occupation, so different from Israel's brief occupation of Judea and Samaria and Gaza.  The Russian occupation is much more like the Roman occupation of Judah, coming there in 63 BCE and fighting Bar Kokhba in 132-135 CE and stringing up thousands of Jews on crosses till death.  
                                                                             
Fareed Zarakia came out with the report on February 12, 2016, that a deal had been announced on Thursday to end the fighting in Ukraine and will face the same obstacle the previous such agreement has faced:  How to ensure that Russia will abide by it is the problem.  Frustrated by Russia’s continued support for Ukrainian separatists, Western statesmen have begun discussing military assistance for the Ukrainians.   Fareed said that Obama must take the lead from the front to bring this about.   He must show strength and skill.  The European Union has been ambivalent towards helping for years.  

Resource: The Jerusalem Report, February 8, 2016, Nightmare in Donetsk by Paul Alster-Kiev, a magazine
The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev
http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=700&From=UAH&To=USD
Fareed Zakaria, February 14, 2016 Sunday morning TV show
http://fareedzakaria.com/tag/ukraine/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fareed-zakaria-on-ukraine-obama-must-lead-from-the-front/2014/03/13/10b9359a-aaea-11e3-af5f-4c56b834c4bf_story.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Russia
http://jewishbubba.blogspot.com/2015/08/jewish-life-in-poltava-ukraine.html

Declared WWII War and Terrorism on Latvia Shtetl Ribinishok and all of Europe

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                        
The shtetl of Riebini aka Ribinishki in Latvia and wooden house there

Terrorism is now happening in Europe and the USA.  The Nazis of WWII were an organized terrorizing army in a declared war whose aim was to wipe out all Jews.  The USA really did not experience terror until 9/11 when Saudi pilots and their band rammed their plane into a tall building in New York City.  It's been about 76 years since the Nazi terror, and here we are again, preparing to defend our country from another group of terrorists, ISIS from the Middle East.

Occupation during World War II from 1939 to 1945 involved terroristic attacks and atrocities.  When the Germans occupied Latvia in the Balkans, they slaughtered 236 Jews in the village of Ribinishki (Silajani).  This is what Jews all over Europe were facing during those years.  This wasn't a matter of soldiers fighting soldiers and following the rules of war.  It was downright murder of innocent people!
                                                                         
Pale of Settlement where Empress Catherine II caused all Jews to be confined and were kept from entering Russia.  This is why shtetls were so high in Jewish population.  She ruled from 1725 to 1727, but laws kept Jews confined to end of WWI in 1917.  
Also called  "Riebini, it is a small town in the Latgale region of Latvia, about 56 km. north of Daugavpils. It was part of Vitebsk gubernia under the Russian Empire."  In 1897 the town was made up of 533 Jews  who were 91% of the population.   By 1935 there were only 317 Jews living there, but that was 68% of the population.  The town had become a village, called a Shtetl.  "In the Shtetl Finder of 1989 it is listed as Ribinishok. " 
                                                                             
"The Soviet army occupied Latvia in the summer of 1940. The following year, in June 1941, the Germans invaded the Soviet Union. At least 20 inhabitants of Riebini joined the Red Army to fight the Germans. 
                                                             
Fresh Russian Troops

Following the Russian defeat in July 1941, anti-Soviet Latvians began to round up Jewish residents, especially those with leftist leanings. At the end of August 1941, Latvian civil defense police (Aizsargi) arrived in three trucks to round up the Jews of Riebini.
                                                                         

Members of the 21st Latvian Police Battalion assemble a group of Jewish women for execution on a beach near Liepāja, 15 December 1941.
The Jews were arrested and locked into the synagogues. Then they were moved to Ribinishki Forest (4 km. northwest of Ribinishki) and killed there. There were some local inhabitants living in the Soluions district) who took part in that bloody Aktion from August 23rd to the 25th in 1941;   three days of hell for the Jews to suffer such a death."  

One of the Jews killed was Hona Orliyan b: 1909 and died in the 1941 massacre at age 32.  He had 4 siblings, so they were probably all murdered.  

The Germans had invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941 and was the turning-point in German policy towards the Jews.  21 months before, at least 30,000 Jews had been killed.  Of these, 10,000 were murdered in individual killings or terror attacks that happened in  street massacres, in punitive reprisals, in outbreaks of savagery in the ghettos, and in the labour camps.  20,000 had died of starvation in the Warsaw and Lodz ghettos.  But in no Jewish community had more than 2 or 3% been murdered.  Jews had been virtually unmolested in Western Europe.

The Russian invasion changed all that, which was called Barbarossa.  Throughout eastern Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, Ukraine, White Russia and the western regions of the Russian Republic, the Nazi's new policy was carried out.  It was the systematic destruction of entire Jewish communities.  This happened in land where Jews had been isolated, cursed for the past 200 years, where the region had been Catholic, Russian Orthodox, Ethnically  German and Jewish.  

In advance of Barbarossa, the Nazi SS leaders had special killing squads called the Einsatzgruppen, who went about finding collaborators from the Lithuanians and Ukrainians and had them in murder gangs who were very anti-Jewish and held hatred for them, something easy to use to turn them into mass murderers.  
                                                          
Husseini and the Nazis, 1941 Germany

In the very first hours, Jews in Western Europe, Greater Germany, and in German-occupied Poland, saw the German invasion of the Soviet Union as a hopeful sign.  They figured that the Russians would advance and beat the Germans, meaning the end of the war.  They thought victory was certain and the end for Hitler was near.  About 85,000 Jews were living there in 1940.  Russia departed a considerable number of Jews belonging to the wealthy classes or intelligentsia to Northern Russia.  

The Germans fooled everyone.  "Don't worry," a Red Army officer told the Jews of Nieswiez as his men withdrew eastwards."   "We'll be back."  The rumor then changed and Jews heard that the Germans would send all the Jews to Madagascar.  That wasn't so bad.
                                                              
Nazi invasion chasing out Russians who left their tanks in Riga, Latvia 1941

But the slaughter started from the 1st day of the German invasion.  Lithuanians, Latvians and Ukrainian policemen and their auxiliaries, the Einsatzgruppen moved rapidly forward behind the advancing German forces.  Jews were placed alive in anti-tank trenches about 2 km long and killed them with machine guns in the frontier shtetl of Virbalis.  They sprayed lime on the dead Jews and then a 2nd row of Jews were made to lie down, and were then shot.  They did this 6 more times.  Only the children were not shot but were caught by their legs and they hit the children's heads against the stones and then the children were buried alive!

"In Liepāja the first mass killing of Jews took place on July 3 and 4, when about 400 people were shot dead, and on July 8 when 300 Jews were killed. The German group of SD and policemen did the shooting, while the members of Latvian Selbstschutz convoyed victims to the killing site. On July 13 the destroying of the large choral synagogue of Liepāja began. The rolls of the Scripture were spread on the Ugunsdzēsēju Square, and the Jews were forced to march across their sacred things, with watchers merrily laughing at the amusing scene. The above operations took place under the direct leadership of Erhard Grauel, commander of the Einsatzgruppe's Sonderkommando."

After the war, over 30,000 Jeews returned to Latvia but 1/3 of them then emigrated to Israel.  Latvia's population in 1989 was 22,897.  

These people were just as bad as any terrorist group out of the Middle East today.  The horror of it all is that Germans were the most advanced society in Europe, yet they had this religious hatred for someone not complying to their way of belief.  Jews were not of their religion and they were successful and intelligent.  So Hitler led the way for practices completely irreligious and hateful-completely against Christianity.  And everyone followed their leadership.  
                                                               

Remember this.  The Germans failed.  Those who were the worst stood trial.  The same will happen to ISIS.  Those against a decent way of living will not be successful.  

" "Back to Ribinishki" is a  Case Study in Latvian Jewish Genealogical Research] by Marion S. Werle; found in Vol. VIII 2000. in FEEFHS.(Foundation for East European Family History Studies.)."

Update: 12/18/15, 3:28pm with numbers
Resource:THE HOLOCAUST, by Martin Gilbert-pages 154-155.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Latvia
 http://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/source_view.php?SourceId=30777
http://www.jewishgen.org/latvia/Riebini.htm
http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/latvia/riebini.html
http://www.geni.com/people/Hona-Orliyan/6000000037336316452
The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia-