ISIS Out of Mesopotamia In IRAQ And The World Bleeds

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                       

Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Land of Shinar or Kasdim (Chaldees) - One of 7 Wonders of the World

Iraq was the major part of Mesopotamia.  Who has not heard of Babylon?  "Mesopotamia is a name for the area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, roughly corresponding to modern-day Iraq, Syria and Kuwait, including regions along the Turkish-Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.  The tigris-Euphrates Rives is where the Jews were said to have come from that entered Ur, a city in Western Mesopotamia that became Iraq.  
                                                                         
Today Iraq is becoming  the major part of the bloodthirsty  Islamic State, so called ISIS or IS or in Arabic-Daesh.  It had been part of the 400 year old Turk's Ottoman Empire that died with World War I in 1917.
                                                                   

ISIS: Arab and Foreigners  killing Arabs of the Land

Right now a terrific battle is going on as IS slaughters and beheads anyone in their way.  The world leaders have stepped into this with the American Army having a base here that is an operational hub for the US led 66 nation coalition that is "combating" the Islamic State takeover in Iraq and Syria.  They have entered  with their medivac Blackhawk heliicopters along with Army Apache attack helicopters.  They also have as their base their intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance aircraft.  A variety of armed special operations aircraft from different military branches are here.
                                                                           

Assyria attacked Israel in 721 BCE and took away  10 Tribes
Babylonia attacked in 597 BCE, then 586 BCE and took away Israelites
There was Israel and Syria, but none of the other states then.  

Why can't a coalition of 66 countries take back one city from ISIS, which is Mosul which lies in northern Iraq?  And what happened to Israel which is erased from this map?  It is hugging the Mediterranean Sea on the West of Jordan.  Mosul has been  occupied by ISIS since June 10, 2014.  It is a city normally holding about 2 1/2 million people. This city, about 250 miles north of Baghdad, " is completely ruled by the Islamic State terror group headquartered in Al-Raqqah, Syria. The current government of Iraq stopped paying salaries soon after the city was overrun by militants  (that ISIL allegedly exploited by stealing a generous percentage)  which it had previously paid to city workers, including nurses and doctors. 

The USA and their coalition personnel coordinate airstrikes against IS to support their Kurdish peshmerga forces.  "Iraq's genocidal war against the Kurds began in the early 1960s and has continue to the present.  The Iraqis have used bombs, napalm and even poison gas against Iraqi Kurdish positions and towns in the struggle to suppress Kurdish nationalism." They've behaved like Saddam Hussein of Syria  towards his own people who went against him, an  Alawite, a slightly different shade of Islam. In 1975, Iraq conducted a relocation of the Kurdish population.  Hundreds of thousands of Kurds have been forcibly removed from their rural villages, and Kurdish political and cultural institutions have been savagely suppressed.   Kurdish DNA is the closest to the Jewish people. "Where northern Iraq and Turkey are today, they shared a common ancestor.  This was the northern half of the Fertile Crescent during pre-historic times.  Professor Ariella Oppenheim and Dr. Marina Feirman, who carried out the research at the Hebrew University, said they were surprised to find a closer genetic connection between the Jews and the populations of the fertile crescent than between the Jews and their Arab neighbors.  Most likely, Kurds were descended from Israelites.  Kurdistan was actually the core of the old Assyrian Empire, the one that carried off the Ten Lost Tribes. 
                                                                         

Kurdish Israeli, Shemun Levi 

A note on the Kurds, who are doing most of the face to face fighting in Iraq, is that they originally had their own Kurdistan.  The land is now divided up in Turkey, Iran and Iraq.  The 1st Jewish settlement outside of Israel was in Kurdistan in the days of Ezra of the 5th century BCE.  Kurdish Jews spoke with an Aramaic dialect up to modern times.  It's close to the language used during the makings of the Babylonian Talmud.  Nestorian Christians use this language, also.  12,00 to 18,000 Jews lived in this land by the end of the 19th century.  After 1948, these Jews immigrated to Israel in or near Jerusalem.  Kurds trace their ancestry back 4,000 years and became Muslims but maintain their own language, traditions and tribal leaders.  They have over 15 million with about 3 million in Turkey, and more than 2.5 million in Iran and in Iraq and 500,000 in Syria.   180,000 Kurds have been slaughtered in an Iraqi government campaign against them in the late 1980s.  The Iraqi Defense Minister, Ali Hassan Majid was recorded describing how the Kurds would be dealt with:  "We have gassed them not once;  not twice, but until we get rid of them."

  By the end of April, the USA had conducted 9,073 airstrikes against IS in Iraq and Syria.  Almost all their military aircraft were launched from bases and Navy vessels outside of Iraq and Syria.  50,000 US military personnel are deployed throughout the Middle East, including Navy personnel at sea.  Yet IS seems to still hold onto Mosul.  If they can rid the city and state of ISIS, al Jazeera points out that then the real challenge is "finding a political settlement that allows the local Sunni inhabitants to address their legitimate political grievances with the central government in Baghdad." Religion is the problem between Sunni and Shi'a run government.  Evidently it's no easy task to rid the city of ISIS from afar.  "Mosul is Iraq's second-largest city, and urban warfare is no easy task as the recent operation to liberate Ramadi has shown.  Ramadi has a population of around 200,000 compared with Mosul's estimated population of 1.8 million (albeit many of them left the city for safer refuge).  Ramadi is still being cleared of booby traps and insurgents even though it was "liberated" months ago."                                       

Terah, from the Tigris and Euphrates River Country in the East,
Father of Abraham 

This land is part of the Crossroads of Civilization.  It was in the city of Ur that Abraham's father, Terah, came from the East and set up a shop making idols.  This is why Abraham left, to escape the environment of people believing in such things..

The Muslim Arabs conquered Babylonia in 637, five years after Mohammad had died.  The Jewish community who lived there helped the Arab conquerors in the hope that they would be better than the Sassanid (Persian Empire)  persecutions against them.  After the Arabs occupied the land, Jews had been expelled from Saudi Arabia because they wouldn't convert to Islam, so they moved  to Kufa (Kufa is a city in Iraq, about 170 kilometres south of Baghdad, and 10 kilometres northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River) and settled there,"  a place they may have originated from originally.   Babylon and what was to become Iraq was the center of Jewish life.  Jews from all over the world went here to settle questions they had about Judasim.
                                                                             

King Feisal of Iraq-1921-1933.  

Ibn and Emir Hussein Feisal (May 20, 1883 or 85--September 8, 1933)was the  prince who had led the Arab uprising against Turkey from 1916 to 1918 and wanted to be compensated and rewarded for their part in the war effort.  He  became king of Iraq from August 23, 1921, apppointed by the Allies who won the 1st World War.  The Brits were holding a 30 year mandate over Palestine and the French had other parts of the Middle Eastern defunct Ottoman Empire they were cutting up.  Feisal was the eldest son of Hussein, sherif of Mecca, Saudi Arabia.  He was a prince who wanted to be a king so needed a country.  He was a leader and an educated man, a rarity in these parts, and was sympathetic to Zionism and the creation of a Jewish National Home.  He admired the Jews to the point of hoping his own Arab people could learn something from them and hoped the Jews would help him build his future kingdom.
                                                                                 

Weizmann and Feisal 

 He met Dr. Chaim Weizmann in 1918 in Transjordan and again in Paris in 1919 where they agreed on mutual aid that was conditional on the implementation of British promises. to the Arabs. Feisal was first made King of Syria.  That didn't work out, so they made him King of Iraq.

Feisal was later expelled from Syria by the French in 1920 and the influence of the Palestinian Arab leaders changed his attitude so that his ideas about Zionism turned hostile in the end.
                                                                         

Husseini and Hitler, quite a pair

Iraq gained independence in 1932 so turned around and persecuted the Jews.  Hundreds of Baghdad Jews were killed and wounded in a pogrom during the revolt of Rashid Ali in 1941, a time reflecting Haj Amin al-Husseini's visit to German Nazis to get help in ridding the world of Jews.

Today, Israel supports the Kurds in their struggle for independence and life.  How do the Iraqis feel?  "
                                                                             

Muqtadā al-Ṣadr is an Iraqi Shia cleric, politician and militia leader. He is the leader of a political party, the Sadrist Movement and the leader of Saraya al-Salam, a Shiite militia.

Cleric Muqtada al-Sadr of Iraq describes American Sec. of State, John Kerry as a terrorist, asserts that Israel is spoiled son of America.  

Resource: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq
The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
America's Quiet War in Iraq by Nolan Peterson (National Interest).
http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2016/05/liberating-mosul-solve-iraq-problems-160515065236609.html
http://www.iraqinews.com/baghdad-politics/sadr-describes-kerry-terrorist-asserts-israel-spoiled-son-america/
Myths and Facts by Mitchell G. Bard, Joel Himelfarb
http://www.haaretz.com/study-finds-close-genetic-connection-between-jews-kurds-1.75273
http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/11/07/the-assyrians-kurds-and-the-jews/

How Jewish Was the Khazar-Russian Connection and What Happened to Them

Nadene Goldfoot                                      

   

The Khazars were a Turkish or Finnish tribe which settled in the lower Volga region.  They built their capital in Itil on the Volga delta.  The Russians called them White Ugrians.  Hungarians in that period were called Black Ugrians.
                                                                             

By the 8th to 10th centuries, the Khazar state was at its peak of having power in the area.  It extended west as far as Kiev which is the capital of the Ukraine, founded in the 8th century, possibly by the Khazars.  It was not a strictly religious center, such as cities in Lithuania.    Its royal house intermarried with that of Byzantium.  By  the 8th century, a powerful judaizing movement had happened among the Khazars.  From approximately  786-809, their king, Bulan and 4,000 of his nobles accepted Judaism which was  encouraged by Prince Obadiah, a successor of Bulan who was the next king. The people were choosing between Judaism, Christianity and Islam, and the king chose Judaism.  

Most Khazars practiced a shamanist-Tari religion. In the late eighth to early ninth century (but perhaps as late as 861), the Khazar ruling elite converted to Judaism.  His subjects were free to choose or not.  Obadiah had the religious zeal to convert.  So many more Khazar shamanists converted to Judaism than otherwise would have been the case. Shamanism is a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with a spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world. 
                                                                         

Khazarian on horse

From this fact, Judah Ha-Levi  (1075-1141) (A Spanish Hebrew poet and religious philosopher born in Toledo, Spain and lived in several towns in Christian and Moslem Spain, mainly in Cordova, wrote his Kuzari., which presented the merits of Judaism and  which was of great influence among Jewish readers and is regarded as one of the classics of Judaism. He was a physician by profession, and lived a life of affluence and honor.  In his old age, his meditations led him to leave Spain and settle in Palestine, which was the time during the 2nd Crusade.  He died in Alexandria, Egypt when trying to reach his destination.  

 Hasdai Ibn Shaprut (915-970) a Spanish statesman, not a Jew, also a physician by profession, served at the courts of the caliphs.  His linguistic ability and  adroitness in negotiation made him useful in diplomatic relations.  He supported Jewish culture and scholars and used his high political office to defend Jewish communities and was widely regarded as the protector and spokesman of Jewry.   He wrote a letter to the king of the Khazars, King Joseph, expressing his joy at their independent Jewish kingdom.  He believed that the Khazars belonged to the Lost Ten Tribes, and started corresponding with their last king, Joseph in 950. Joseph's reply reached him in 944, stating that Joseph's ancestor, King Bulan, was circumcised and officially converted to Judaism, and drove out sorcerers and idolaters from the kingdom and trusted G-d alone.  King Obadiah, a successor of Bulan, invited Jewish sages from many lands to come to Khazaria in order to expain the meaning of the Torah, Talmud, Mishnah, and prayers.  

Another document was found in the Cairo genizah and it gives a romantic account of the origin of Judaism among the Khazars.  

The truth is that only the king with a good proportion of the nobility and some of his people became converted.  The Jewish element in the country constituted a minority at all times.   What we do know is that Khazaria became a refuge for persecuted Jews, so Kazaria was a haven for them, and they would mix in with the converted newbies to Judaism.  Some historians have said that the Khazars adopted Judaism as a conscious political decision designed to help preserve the political independence of Khazaria from the Christian and Muslim empires surrounding them.  They could hold the balance of power between the Christian Byzantine Empire and the Muslim Caliphate this way.  
                                                                   

What went on in this part of the world was that there were separate judicial systems for the members of the many different faiths.  The Khazars' power was broken by the Russian archduke Yaroslav in 1083. 

The remnants of the Khazars on the Volga disappeared in the Tatar invasion of 1237.  Kiev's Jewish community was destroyed by the Tatars in 1240.  

Italian merchants in Crimea referred to "Gazaria" (Khazarians)  until the 15th century. 
                                                                            

Descendants of the Khazarians probably survived among the Crimea Karaites, the Krimchaks, and other Jews of Eastern European origin.  Many of us could be carrying some segments of the original converted Khazarians along with other segments of Jewish origin DNA as well, but there is no scientific way to find out, even with DNA.   
                                                                     

"Eastern European Jews have significant Eastern Mediterranean elements which manifest themselves in close relationships with Kurdish, Armenian, Palestinian Arab, Lebanese, Syrian, and Anatolian Turkish peoples. This is why the Y-DNA haplogroups J and E, which are typical of the Middle East, are so common among them. Jewish lineages from this region of the world derive from both the Levant and the Anatolia-Armenia region."  The Armenians (mainly Christians) in Turkey suffered a genocide in 1915.  From 1915 to 1918, the Turkish government deported, enslaved, tortured, and killed 1.5-2 million Armenians in an effort to ethnically and religiously cleanse the Turkish nation.

 All existing studies fail to compare modern Jewish populations' DNA to ancient Judean DNA and medieval Khazarian DNA. There is no evidence from genome-wide data of a Khazar origin for Ashkenazi Jews.  This finding is from Doron M. Behar of Rambam Health Care Campus, Israel, Mait Metspalu and Bayazit Yunusbayev of Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonia, Yael Baran and Naama M. Kopelman of Tel-Aviv University, Israel, and several other scientists in their published study.  

Resource:  The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
The Jews of Khazaria, 2nd Edition, by Kevin Alan Brook
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Khazars.aspx
http://www.khazaria.com/genetics/abstracts.html
 http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/study-finds-no-evidence-of-khazar-origin-for-ashkenazi-jews/2014/02/23/
http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-1915-armenian-genocide-history-causes.html

Jeremiah's Prophecy of the Return of Jews to Israel

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                  

Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon 605-562 BCE, Conquerer all the lands from the Euphrates to the Egyptian frontier including Judah.  

Where was Babylon?  Is it Iraq?  It was known in the bible as the land of Shinar or of the Kasdim (Chaldees).  In Genesis it is regarded as the cradle of humanity and of the scene of the Tower of Babel-man's first revolt against G-d.  Abraham was born in the city of Ur of the Chaldeans, but migrated to Canaan where he later fought Amraphel, King of Shinar.  Ur today is in Iraq.
                                                                           

The Assyrians had already attacked Israel in 722 BCE and had led 10 of the 12 tribes away as slaves.  This left the tribe of Judah and some of the Benjaminites .  Then along came the Babylonians led by Nebuchadnezzar in 597 BCE and again in 586 BCE and destroyed the 1st Temple built by King Solomon.  This was the period that Jeremiah had been born into.
                                                                         

Jeremiah Painting by Michelangelo

"I will make Myself available to you----the word of HaShem (G-d)----and I will return your captivity and I will gather you in from all the nations and from all the places where I have dispersed you----the word of HaShem----and I will return you to the place from which I exiled you."

This has been now taking place in Israel. It took 2,000 years of patiently waiting.   From 650,000 Jews in 1948 to 6,000,000 today, Jews have been returning to the land of their origins.  The wonderful thing happening is that many from the 10 Lost Tribes from the days of the Assyrian attack back in 722 BCE  are returning, claiming to be from these lost tribes.  As anti-Semitism happens more and more in Europe, those Jews are finding refuge in returning to Israel such as the recent French and Swedish Jews.  Jeremiah saw it all happening.
                                                                           

Priests serving in the Temple of Solomon

Jeremiah lived in the 7th and 6th centuries BCE which would be sometime between 600 to 500 BCE.  He belonged to a priestly family of Anathoth near Jerusalem, and began to make prophecies in 625 BCE.

This means in today's DNA science that he must have had the Y haplotype of J1 and also J2, the Cohen gene.  Cohens were from the brother of Moses, Aaron.  It was Aaron who was chosen by Moses to be the High priest.  His sons were consecrated to the the Priesthood. Today's organization in the synagogue of men are the Cohens and the Levites and the Israelites.  Cohens have certain responsibilities.  What we notice the most is that they are the first to read from the Torah on Shabbat morning.  Then the Levites are called to read and after them, the Israelites.  There are also other responsibilities Cohens and Levites are expected to do.  Scientists have recently found  "indications that the majority of contemporary Jewish priests descend from a limited number of paternal lineages,"  or lines from Aaron.  " We find almost half of Jews today are descended from Aaron, brother of Moses  as they have the Cohen haplogroup gene, J1 and J2."

"Half of today's Kohanim (Jews knowing that they are Cohens in the synagogue) have the haplogroup of J1c3 or (J-P58). The Cohen I know personally is J1  (M267) and matches with J1c3d (L147.1) and J1c3-P58.   15% of the Kohanim today have the haplogroup of J2a (J-M410).  This line goes back a good 3,200 years to 4,200 years ago to Aaron, brother of Moses or his descendants who would have the same Ydna haplogroup but would have had time to pick up a few mutations.."  Therefore, Jeremiah was a Cohen from the priestly line.  Understandably,  he had inherited some special qualities of the gift of prophecy.  

His first prophecies were about scolding the nation of Israel for idolatry practices that he found going on.  After King Josiah's reform in 621 BCE, (637-608 BCE) he warned the nation to keep the covenant then made with G-d.

His prophecies were gloomy, and this aroused bitter resentment, but during the reigns of King Jehoiakim or  originally called Eliakim , depicted by Jeremiah as a tyranical oppressor, and died while Jerusalem was under siege by the Babylonians in 598 BCE, (608-598 BCE) and King Zedekiah  or originally called Mattaniah (597-586 BCE) , he found, others starting to understand what he was saying and came over to his side.  He then found supporters among leading personalities and priests.  One was Baruch, a member of a prominent family who then joined him as a faithful friend and scribe.  

Jehoiakim 608-598 BCE- was the son of Josiah, made king by Pharaoh Necoh in succession to his brother Jehoahaz.
Jehoiachin 598-597 BCE-  was son of Jehoiakim and reined in 597 BCE, became king during the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem, lasted for 3 months and 10 days when only 18 years old, then capitulated to Nebuchadnezzar and taken to Babylon.  He had to remain in detention  for a long time.  His original name was either Coniah or Jeconiah.
Zedekiah-597-586 BCE  was the son of King Josiah of 637-608 BCE , and was appointed king by Nebuchadnezzar at age 21 to succeed the exiled  King Jehoiachin.  Because he had conspired with Egypt against Babylon finally, Babylon invaded Judah and captured Jerusalem.  He was put on trial by Nebuchadnezzar, his sons were killed in front of him and  he was blinded by having his eyes put out, then kept in prison until he died.  It's in the Book of Kings II 25 and Jer. 52.

Nebuchadnezzar became King of Babylonia  and took the Babylonian throne in 605 BCE. Jeremiah said he would conquer Judah. Judah was the southern part of Israel that consisted of the land allotted to the tribe of Judah.   The king of Judah then, King Jehoiakim, was upset because this prophecy could have a negative affect on his people, like a self-fufilling prophecy, and so he ordered Jeremiah's arrest.  This caused Jeremiah to go into hiding until the country had actually submitted to Nebuchadnezzar that very next year in 597 BCE.

King Zedekiah (597-586 BCE), Judah's last real king, had admired Jeremiah a great deal, but he hadn't followed his advice.  He went ahead a joined into an anti-Babylonian alliance.  Jeremiah then foretold of Judah's coming defeat and advocated to surrender now.  King Zedekiah put him in prison for that statement for a short period, and then had him consigned to a pit, being saved by Zedekiah's personal regard for him.

After the fall of Jerusalem, Nebuchadnezzar's officials, aware of Jeremiah's pro-Babylonian attitude, accorded him protection.

 At this time, the Governor of Judah was a man named Gedaliah.  He was from a noble Jewish family and was appointed by the Babylonians as the governor.  The population was allowed to remain in Judah after the 586 BCE when the 1st Temple was destroyed.  Gedaliah  set up the seat of his administration at Mizpah.   Then Gedaliah was murdered by the commander,  Ishmael ben Nethaniah.  He and his followers were apparently planning a revolt against Babylon with their neighbors, and the panicky survivors of this attack forced Jeremiah and Baruch to go with them to Egypt where they were going to seek refuge as outlaws.  This slaughter of Gedaliah was tragic because it destroyed any hope of holding a Jewish community together in Judah after the Babylonian conquest.  Jews today have a fast on the day after Rosh ha-Shanah (Tishri 3) to remember the assassination of Gedaliah.

Jeremiah's last recorded prophecy was a condemnation of the Egyptian Jews for their idol-worship.

His subsequent history has been the subject of Jewish and Christian legends.  Jewish tradition says that he was the author of of the Book of Kings in the Bible, and possibly even Lamentations.  Evidently Baruch had taken dictation from Jeremiah and then were put together in the Book of Jeremiah, which was in a section of the Latter Prophets in the Bible.  His book consists of 52 chapters from 1-18,and his prophecies that were mostly from the time of King Josiah;  19-36 that were prophecies and a narrative from many periods mostly from the rein of King Jehoiakim, King Jehoiachin and King Zedekiah; 37-44 which was a historical narrative from the time of Zedekiah to the journey into Egypt;  45-51 that consisted of many prophecies mostly concerning other nations; and 52 that was a recapitulation of the last chapter of  the Book of Kings.

The Book of Jeremiah was edited by Baruch., who was Jeremiah's scribe.  It was Baruch who read the prophecies to the people of Jerusalem (jer. 36.).    There are variant readings between the masoretic text ( is the authoritative Hebrew and Aramaic text of the Tanakh for Rabbinic Judaism) .and the  Septuagint (Greek Translation of the Hebrew) evidence of subsequent re-editing. (The Septuagint Old Testament, because (1) It represents a translation of an older Hebrew text, (2) It includes books not found in the Masoretic text. It's something used by Christians. ) The final  edition has been placed in the 2nd century BCE which would be the time of Roman occupation in Jerusalem.  .

Resource: The New Standard Jewish encyclopedia
 https://blogs.ancientfaith.com/departinghoreb/masoretic-hebrew-vs-septuagint-part-1/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1ApBbv5j44
http://jewishbubba.blogspot.com/2013/06/demographics-of-jews-in-israel-and.html
http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2009/08/finally-updated-look-at-y-chromosomes.html
http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2005/11/what-was-really-aarons-lineage-cohen.html

The Many Bottlenecks Jews Have Faced: J2 Facts Come Out of It

Nadene Goldfoot                                                      

From having many men in the mix, so many were lost and those remaining were in the bottleneck.

A bottleneck is a genetic DNA term that explains what happens to a people when a horrific incident happens that wipes out most of their population.  I'll show how that has happened to us many times without an environmental event like a volcano erupting.
                                                                       

"Some bottlenecks are religiously induced – Amish, Mennonite and Jewish, for example.  These people marry only within their religion.  Today, that’s called endogamy – but it’s a form of a bottleneck event. " In our situation, most of the time the culture helped us to be in this situation by locking Jews up in ghettos such as in Italy, or in Syria keeping us in the Jewish quarter of Yehuda Street with pain of death if one left.  For 2,000 years, we've not only preferred to marry within our own people, but Gentiles have not wanted to mix with us, either.  It's been a mutual standoff, until recent days. Of course, there's always been rape, and sometimes but rarely, love between religions.

 A wonderful example I have found is  this.  "There are 4 people, 2 couples.  Each person’s DNA is represented by a color.  The two males are blue and green and the 2 females are pink and yellow, like on the left side of the pedigree chart shown below.

In the first generation, they pass their DNA to their children and the children are blue/yellow and green/pink.  In the second generation, the children intermarry with the other couple’s children – because there are no choices.  All of the grandchildren of the original couple have DNA that is blue, yellow, green and pink.  The children and grandchildren don’t all carry the same segments of blue, yellow, green and pink – but all of them carry some part of the original 4 founders.  There is no orange or turquoise or red DNA to be found, so forever, until new people enter the landscape, they will pass the same segments of blue, green, yellow and pink DNA to their descendants.  In an isolated environment, they might not meet new humans for thousands of years – lets’ say 10,000 years." Haplogroups once active are now lost. Jews have been around for almost 4,000 years from Abraham's time.                                      

We have found that a haplotype of J1 leads from Aaron, brother of Moses and has been called the Cohen gene.   "Later research, using a larger number of Y-STR markers to gain higher resolution more specific genetic signatures, has indicated that about half of contemporary Jewish Kohanim, who share Y-chromosomal haplogroup J1c3 (also called J-P58), appear to be closely related.  

                                                                     

Someone here may be carrying a J haplogroup , all Jewish
It would have to be one of the men, as the Y haplogroup is passed on from father to son, etc.  

Cohens in the synagogue are special people.  They were selected by Moses starting with his brother, to be the priests of the people.  They have served in the synagogues all this time with certain functions such as reading first from the Torah on Saturday morning "Shabbat."  One does not need the surname of Cohen to be a Cohen, but they need the oral history from their family in lieu of a family tree.  It's something handed down from father to son.                                     

In our case, many Jews have been killed since inception with Abraham.  

When the Romans entered Jerusalem in about 60 BCE, they crucified 25,000 Jews until 70 CE when they burned the city down with the 1st Temple.   25,000 to 30,000 Jews that were left alive rebelled against the Romans  and were killed.   10,000 more  men were found and killed as well. 

By 6 BC, when Jews were living in 2nd Temple times, the Zealots were founded, which was a political party by Judah the Galilean and Zadok, the priest who demanded non-compliance with the Roman demand for a census to be taken which was really an assessment of their property.   It was at this time that the Y haplotype was mutated from J1 to become J2 most likely through Pinchas, the Zealot.                                                                 

    "According to the Holy Scriptures the seed of Zadok is supposed to be countless and measureless. The promise avows that from Zadok seed Hashem will build a continued existence family tree and from this offspring Cohanim will be selected to perform sacrifices on the Beit Hamikdash. The prophet may soon arrive and he will make holy Cohanim, sons of Zadok, and Leviim to minister and safeguard the third Temple, respectively. 

DNA revealed families from different Cohanim background with the precisely coalescence time allied, in J2 haplogroup, to Zadok. The Zadok Cohanim lineage is composed by 24 families strongly associated to Jewish priest caste, both in Ashkenazim and Sephardim communities. They present a DNA signature in J2 haplogroup that formed a well shaped tree with ramifications, branches and different houses as it should be in the face of of three thousand years of growth." 

It was identified by DNA, 24 different families confirmed positive for the Zadokite Cohanim lineage (J2a4). All of these families are strongly related to Cohanim tradition both in Sephardic and Askenazim communities.  These families may represent the 24 houses of Zadok. from "Dr. Karl Skorecki of the Ramban/Technion Medical Center in Haifa  

Zadok, son of Ahitub, a Cohen under King David:  II Sam-8:17, 15-29;   I Kin, 1:8, 34-40; 2:35, 4:4; I Chr. 8:16.  Zadok's sons were Ahimaaz and Azariah. Another important Kohan line was from Ahimelech, son of Abiathar.  (I Chronicles 18, 15-17.) I did not see Skorecki's references in either Samuel II, Kings I or I Chronicles.  It must be something else.  

The Bible states that Zadok was a patrilineal descendant of Eleazar the son of Aaron the high priest.(2 Samuel 8:17;1 Chronicles 24:3) The lineage of Zadok is presented in the genealogy of Ezra (his descendant) as being of ninth generation of direct patrilineal descent from Phineas the son of Eleazar; Ezra 7:1, see 1 Chronicles 5:30 where he is placed ninth in descent from Phineas.  Eleazar had a brother, Ithamar, who was also a priest.  He and Eleazar together succeeded their father, Aaron in the priestly office.  

The chief men of the descendants of Eleazar/Elazar  were found to be more numerous than those of the descendants of Ithamar...16 family heads for the sons of Eleazar, and 8 for the sons of Ithamar ..(Chromicles I 24-1-7). The Kohanim were from Alazar and Ihamar.

...Zadok, The son of Ahitub, son of Amaryah, son of Azaryah, son of Mirayoth, son of Zerachyah, son of Uzzi, son of Bukki, son of Avishua, son of Phineas

— Ezra 7:1-4                                                                                                       

The Arch of Titus in Rome, a view of Jews being marched into the city carrying golden objects from Temple, the loot stolen by the Romans by 70 CE..  

 Finally, 1.1 million  more Jewish soldiers were killed by the Romans and the rest found were enslaved and most marched to Rome.  The slaves taken numbered 97,000 after Jerusalem was burned down.    There were about 50,000 Jews in and around Rome by the 1st Century CE, who were the poor, Greek-speaking foreigners scorned by Romans for their poverty and slave status.  Many later gained their freedom and continued to live in and around Rome.1       

Top of Masada

                                         

Herod's Palace Here

This wasn't the end of the Jews.  960 men and women had found refuge at Masada, but after 3 years of holding out, committed mass suicide rather than be taken and                                                        subjected to any criminality.

By the year 37 to 100 CE, there were about 40,000 survivors left in Judea.  

In 60 CE, it is also thought that there were about 700,000 left in Judea and 1,500,000 Jews were living in other places thoughout the land.  Many had been into trading and had moved away before 70 CE to carry on business.

The world population of Jews was now about 4,200,000 Jews before the year 132 when General Bar Kokhba, a descendant of King David, gathered up men who were his soldiers and attacked the Romans.  They took over Jerusalem and held it for 3 years, giving the Romans the hardest war they had ever fought in.  Bar Kokhba was finally killed in the battle in 135.  The Romans hadn't counterattacked  big-time until 133 when more came with an army of 35,000 under Hadrian and Julius Severus.  580,000 Jewish soldiers were killed during this final battle to regain Jerusalem.  Other Jews died from hunger and disease.  Now Jerusalem became a heathen city.  

By 600 CE, Jews were living in many parats of Europe with small settlements in TGermany, France and Spain.  Eastward, there were also small Jewish settlements along the Black Sea as well as larger communities in Greece and the Balkans. 1.  By the 12th and 13th centuries, Jews were expelled from many countries of Western Europe still suffering under the "Christ Killers accusations of anti-Semitism" but were granted charters to settle in Poland and Lithuania.  Ashkenazi Jews spread quickly into Eastern Europe, growing from about a population of 15,000-25,000 in the 13-15th centuries to 2 million by 1800 and 8 million by 1939.  Eastern European Jews became the dominant culture of the European Jews and of most Jews throughout the world.  

After all this, haplogroups were narrowed down to most likely far less than before.  The worst things was that so many men were killed most likely before they had fathered children.  If they did, girls do not carry the Y haplotype, only males do.  So many Y haplogroups could have been lost. Except, Jews basically came to be through family inheritance of one tribe.  Abraham most likely was of haplogroup J1.  I say this because at least half of the Cohens who serve in synagogues are found to be J1 and J2.  Arabs are also high in having the J1 haplogroup.  This is also showing the truth in the bible which states that Abraham's son by Hagar the Egyptian was Ishmael  who was father of the Arabs and his son by Sarah, his niece, was Isaac of the Jewish line. 

Jews lined up to enter Camps of Death

To top off our narrow haplogroup left to us through fighting, we then faced the Holocaust of WWII from about 1939 to 1945.  6 million Jews were killed by the Nazis and their helpers.  That's 6,000,000.                                                                         

War of Independence-attacked at announcement of being a state

1948's War of Independence for the Jews found 650,000 were populating the new tiny state.  They lost 6,000 of these people in the war, the most they have lost since then, probably the basis for another bottleneck.  

Perhaps this explains why at times a Cohen's shoes had to be filled by someone not of the immediate family.  Women have been known to marry outsiders who were also Jews.  If a tribal group needed to, they did marry outsiders and convert them.  For the Y haplogroup, J1 remains the largest group, but we also see E, G, Q, I, and R of various branches.  As for the women who pass on the mtDNA haplogroup, who number more outsiders originally than the Jewish men, we see K, H, N, J and W repeatedly.  

Pinchas is told about in Numbers in the Torah.25:1-30.  He was the son of Elazar, son of Aaron who was Moses's brother and it was Aaron who was selected to be the new High Priest.  Pichas's maternal grandfather was Jethro, a pagan  Midianite priest and father of Zipporah, Moses' wife (Exod 2-3).  The Druze still honor Jethro as Nebi Shu'aib at the shrine near Kephar Hittin.  

We have many J1 and now J2, both known as Cohens.  Through the ages, the high priest was sometimes appointed politically instead of father to son.  (read reference in Jewish Encyclopedia) 

Update: 12:15 Noon:  My Cohen friend is a J-M267 or J1 and also is a Cohen in the synagogue.  The line is said to be 20,000 years old and originated between Anatolia and Mesopotamia.  Studies were done by Hammer & Behar in 2009 and they tested 215 Jewish Cohanim and found 46% of them were of the J1 haplogroup.  Then Hammer studied 1,360 Jews per se and found 14.9% were also Cohens.  Nogueiro studied 57 Jews of Portugal and found 12.3% were Cohens.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_J-M267

Update: 12/7/15

Resource: https://www.familytreedna.com/public/cohenbrazil/default.aspxhttp://www.chabad.org/parshah/article_cdo/aid/2995/jewish/The-Zealot.htmhttp://jewishbubba.blogspot.com/2014/12/from-139-bce-to-139-ce-fight-to-remain.htmlhttp://dna-explained.com/2015/07/09/what-is-a-population-bottleneck/ http://jewishfactsfromportland.blogspot.com/2010/01/jewish-genes-what-haplogroup-could-they.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-chromosomal_Aaronhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zadok
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/7689-high-priest
1. A Mosaic of People:  The Jewish Story and a reassessment of the DNA Evidence by Effen Levy -Coffman.