Affichage des articles dont le libellé est Socialism. Afficher tous les articles
Affichage des articles dont le libellé est Socialism. Afficher tous les articles

Fred Block — Karl Polanyi and twenty-first century socialism

Polanyi’s views were the exact opposite of his contemporary, Joseph Schumpeter, who famously defined democracy as giving people a choice over which elite group would rule over them.…
In contrast to the Marxist tradition, Polanyi defined socialism in terms of the extension of democracy into the economic realm. He wrote: “Socialism is, essentially the tendency inherent in an industrial civilization to transcend the self-regulating market by consciously subordinating it to a democratic society.” Buried in this brief definition are a series of ideas that could be useful for building an alternative to the current dysfunctional global economy.…
And that extension also means abandoning the free market idea that the workings of the economy should be off-limits to democratic decision making. Polanyi’s argument was that free market advocates were always disingenuous in their arguments in favor of laissez-faire. His view was that imposing free markets on society always required extensive state coercion. That was what he was getting at with the fictitious commodities; they do not just emerge naturally; they have to be created every day through the exercise of governmental powers. Under laissez-faire, these government powers are used to enhance the power and wealth of the ownership class.…
Polanyi was hardly naïve. He recognized that those with wealth would resist this deepening and extension of democracy just as propertied elites had often resisted the expansion of suffrage and other democratic rights. Moreover, he was contemptuous of those who imagined that the coming of socialism was somehow preordained or inevitable. He believed that building socialism required an organized socialist movement that was able to create institutions of popular democracy through which people could learn how society works and become empowered citizens.…
Out of paradigm with MMT, but many useful social and political insights about an incremental transition from oligarchic capitalism to democratic socialism.

Open Democracy
Karl Polanyi and twenty-first century socialism
Fred Block

The Importance of Lehman Brothers of Wall Street to American Life

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                   
Former Lehman Brothers New York City Headquarters,
an investment banking worldwide firm.
Now owned by Barclays

Bernie Sanders, Independent Party, Senator from Vermont though born in Brooklyn, New York City, NY, has been knocking Wall Street as if it is the worst place that has happened to the USA. "Wall Street is a 0.7-mile-long (1.1 km) street running eight blocks, roughly northwest to southeast, from Broadway to South Street on the East River in the Financial District of Lower ManhattanNew York City.  Donald Trump is from Manhattan.  On Wall Street one can also find "other major exchanges in the Wall Street area, including the New York Mercantile Exchange, the New York Board of Trade, and the former American Stock Exchange."
September 15, 2008, day of Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy
Chapter 11

ProductsFinancial Services
Investment Banking
Investment management
Number of employees
26,200 (2008)
SubsidiariesLehman Brothers Inc.,Neuberger Berman Inc., Aurora Loan Services, LLC, SIB Mortgage Corporation,Lehman Brothers Bank, FSB, Eagle Energy Partners, and the Crossroads Group
                                                                               
Socialist Bernie Sanders: Most of his big contributors were the Unions.

On his website is an article that says: "
Less than a year before the 2008 collapse of Lehman Bros. plunged the global economy into a terrifying free fall, the Wall Street firm awarded nearly $700 million to 50 of its highest-paid employees, according to internal documents reviewed by The Times."  Ahh yes, I remember when the stock market collapsed in 2007 and my Oppenheimer A account-made mostly of bonds and just a few stock, collapsed and I lost my savings I was just beginning to live on being I had recently retired from teaching.  I found out later that my bonds were worthless bonds showing loans to people for homes they could not afford.  That was not supposed to happen!  It's a wonder I didn't have a heart attack right then, but waited till 2009 for open heart surgery.  Meanwhile, the Lehman elite of 50 people were due to get $700 million.  Evenly divided, that would be $14 million per person. On September 15, 2008, they declared bankruptcy. 

 However, "
 documents, which were among the millions of pages submitted in Lehman's bankruptcy, show the list of top earners each were pledged $8 million to $51 million in cash, stock and other compensation. How much, if any, of the stock was cashed in before the bankruptcy wiped out its value couldn't be determined.

The Lehman documents provide a rare peek into Wall Street compensation practices, because federal regulations require salary disclosure of only the five highest-paid officers of a corporation. The documents reveal, to the dollar, the pay packages promised to individual traders and investment bankers at Lehman - a well-kept secret up to now.

                                                                                   
 I think he's just jealous.  On September 11, 2001 (9/11), Lehman occupied 3 floors of the World Trade Center.  One employee was killed in the terrorist attacks of that day.  Its global headquarters was in Three World Financial Center which were severely damaged and rendered unusable by falling debris.  This displaced over 6,500 employees.  The bank recovered quickly and rebuilt its presence.

Trading operations moved across the Hudson River to its New Jersey facilities where an impromptu trading floor was built in a hotel and was brought online less than 48 hours AFTER the attacks.  When stock markets reopened on September 17, 2001, Lehman's sales and trading capabilities were restored.
                                                                   
Wall Street in Manhattan, New York City, NY
Lehman Brothers is an investment bank.  They did not move back to its former headquarters in lower Manhattan.  Only Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch, of the major firms, remained in the downtown area.  Lehman, though committed to stay in New York City, decided that the new headquarters represented an ideal circumstance where the firm was desperate to buy and Morgan Stanley was desperate to sell, and that when the new building was purchased, the structural integrity of Three World Financial Center had not yet been given a clean bill of health, and that they would have had to wait until May 2002 for repairs to end.

After the attacks, the management placed more emphasis on business continuity planning.  Unlike its rivals, the company was unusually concentrated for a bulge-bracket investment bank.
                                                                         
Henry and Emanuel Lehman
Who was Lehman Brothers?  It was started  in 1844 by a 23 year old immigrant from Bavaria, which is part of what we call Germany today.  His name was Henry Lehman and he was the son of a Jewish cattle merchant.  He didn't stay in New York City where he must have landed but lived in Montgomery, Alabama where he opened a dry-goods store called H. Lehman.  By 1847, his brother, Emanuel Lehman,  had joined him and the firm became H. Lehman and Bro.  Then their youngest brother, Mayer Lehman, arrived in 1850 and the firm changed its name again and Lehman Brothers was founded.

The 3 brothers began to accept raw cotton from customers as payment for merchandise during the 1850s. They started a 2nd business trading in cotton.  This grew within a few years to become the most significant part of their operation.   Henry died from Yellow Fever in 1855, but the other 2 brothers continued to focus on their commodities-trading/brokerage operations.  By 1858, the center of cotton trading shifted from the South to New York City.  Factors and commission houses were based here.  Lehman opened their first branch office at 119 Liberty Street.  Emanuel, now 32 years old, moved here to run the office.

The Civil War started on April 12, 1861.  As a result, they ran into difficulties.  The firm teamed up with a cotton merchant named John Durr and formed Lehman, Durr & Co.  The war ended on June 2, 1865 and the company helped finance Alabama's reconstruction.  They finally moved their headquarters to New York City, where they helped to found the New York Cotton Exchange in 1870.    Emanuel sat on the Board of Governors until 1884.  The firm also dealt in emerging the  market for railroad bonds and entered the financial-advisory business.  Herbert H. Lehman, US Senator,  is descended from Emanuel's  brother, Mayer Lehman.   

Lehman became a member of the Coffee Exchange as earl as 1883 and then the New York Stock Exchange in 1887.  In 1899 it underwrote its 1st public offering, the preferred and common stock of the International Steam Pump Company. 

 Their real shift from being a commodities house to a house of issue began in 1906.  Under Emanuel's son, Philip Lehman, the firm partnered with Goldman, Sachs & Co to bring the General Cigar Co. to market.  They were followed by Sears, Roebuck and Co.  The next 20 years almost 100 new issues were underwrittenby Lehman, often in conjunction with Goldman, Sachs.  Among those were F.W. Woolworth Co, May Dept. Stores Co., Gimbel Brothers, Inc., RH Macy & Co, The Studebaker Corp, the BF Goodrich Co, and Endicott Johnson Corp.  These are all famous companies that have been able to put thousands of people to work.  Such enterprises are businesses that made America a great place to live. Without such enterprising brothers, perhaps more people would just be busy baling cotton today for a living. In business, one thing can lead to another.  One rule of thumb is, according to my father, that a business has to keep growing.  Lehman Brothers must have heard that rule, too.  Their father in Bavaria was a cattle merchant, and mine founded a wholesale meat Co.  with my father being the cattle buyer.  

I wonder if Behrend Lehmann was an ancestor of the Lehman Brothers.  Also known as Issachar Bermann (1661-1730), he was a German financier.  He supplied Frederick august I of Saxony with money needed to be elected as king of Poland in 1697.  This sounds like something Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump  disapproves of today, so it has a long long history.   Behrend was granted the title of Royal Commissioner and used his influence to improve the legal position of the Jews who were something like 2nd-3rd citizens.  In 1696, he was responsible for reprinting the Babylonian Talmud and distributed over 5,000 copies to students.  Later, he lost all his wealth.  

Another ancestor of the family could have been Rabbi Marcus "Meyer"  Lehmann (1831-1890) of Germany.  From 1854, he officiated at Mainz, a famous Rabbinical and Jewish learning center in the Rhineland.  In 1860, he founded Der Israelit which he published attacks against the Reform movement and Jewish historical romances with  a religious moral content.  The Lehman Brothers could have come from his family as Bavaria  was a southern German state and Jews lived there from the 10th century on.  This is the state where Nuremberg and Munich is.  It was in the first half of the 19th century where unfavorable conditions in Bavaria led to a particularly large Jewish emigration to the USA.  
                                                                       
Herbert Henry Lehman (1878-1963)Herbert H. Lehman was born to a Reform Jewish family in New York City, the son of Babetta (née Newgass) and German-born immigrant Mayer Lehman.  He served from 1933 until 1942 as the 45th governor of New York and represented New York State in the United States Senate from 1950 until 1957.

As for today's Lehman Brothers, they were in business employing many people for a long period of time.  One descendant was Herbert Henry Lehman  who was a US Statesman.  
                                                                                   
1929 Stock Market Crash on Wall Street

He had been a partner in the banking and investment firm of Lehman Bros, and became the Democratic lieutenant-governor from 1928 to 1932, yes, throughout the Stock Market Crash of 1929.  Then he was the governor from 1932 to 1942 of New York State, and that wasn't the end to his service to this country.  He served as 1st director-general of the UN relief and Rehabilitation Agency (UNRRA) from 1943 to 1946.  He was the US senator from New York from 1949 to 1957.  His political career was marked by backing the New Deal philosophy of Roosevelt.  

As governor of New York, he furthered social security, unemployment insurance, and public regulation.  He must have been well-liked as he was re-elected 3 times.  During his Senate days, he was noted for his efforts in civil rights and FREER IMMIGRATION.  He opposed political hysteria of the day.  In his later years, he worked in supporting Israel (born May 14, 1948).  

Another Lehman descendant was Irving Lehman (1876-1945) who was Herbert's brother.  He was a US jurist being justice of the New York Supreme Court from 1908 to 1923, and then of the State Court of Appeals (chief judge from 1939.  He was a judicial liberal who believed that the scope of the law must expand in keeping with the social necessities of the time.  He was active in Jewish affairs as well.  

I suppose that if the Socialists take over, there will be no one to help new businesses get started.  The days of birth and growth of business will be over in the USA.  No one will create another Wall Street again.  It looks dismal.  "Anchored by Wall Street, New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world."  

Bernie, the Lehman Bros. is part and parcel of what made America great.  They erred at a very old age, having been born in 1844 and died in 2008.  That's  164 years of prosperity for a lot of people employed by them as well as themselves.  That's why people came here; for better prospects.  

Resource:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehman_Brothers
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/american-civil-war-ends
http://www.sanders.senate.gov/newsroom/must-read/lehman-elite-stood-to-get-700-million
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_H._Lehman
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street


Socialism Versus Capitalism For USA

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                       
Socialist Party Icon of USA
Workers of the World-Unite (Where have I heard that one before?) 

The United States has been a capitalistic country from its beginning.  "Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.  .Bernie Sanders, presidential candidate from the Democratic party, offers us a  socialist society to replace our capitalistic one.  He comes to us from the Independent Party and has held these views for the past 35 years since being elected to an office.
                                                                       
Bernie Sanders, going from Brooklyn, NY to Vermont in New England
Time out on a kibbutz in Israel and honeymooned in Russia
Why is what he offers called socialism?  What do these 8 platforms have in common?
1. Free college for all.  Taxpayers would have to shell out $70 billion dollars for this.
2. No private health insurance-only one single-payer for healthcare.  Cost to us:  $14 trillion dollars.
3. Higher taxes-spreading of wealth-taking from rich, giving to poor; expansion of social security benefits
4. Blames failure of captalism and investors on Greed of wealthy
5. Higher minimum wage in 4 years to $15 per hour
6. Higher estate taxes on wealthy: inherit more than $3.5 million dollars
7. Ending free-trade which Trump also agrees with.
8. Reverse Supreme Court decisions about allowing freedom of speech, 1st amendment restrictions

9. No plans to pay down the $19 trillion we owe to China to run our country in the manner we are accustomed to;   only offers of needing more money to give to the massive society we have today.  The people who will suffer will only be the wealthy ones who had the most imagination and guts to make their money in the first place.  They are being punished for their achievements.

Sanders wants to copy Sweden's Socialism.

Socialism is a different way of viewing our financial and social systems by using social ownership and democratic control as the means of production.  It includes political ideologies, theories and movements to get these established.  This means our lives would not be centered around profit in business.  Enterprises would be socially owned by groups.  Profits would go to the society at large in the form of a social divident or directly to the workforce of each firm.

Such ideas started in the late 1700s out of concern for social problems associated with capitalism.  The theories they came up with are state socialism versus libertarian socialism.  Democratic socialism is used by those who consider themselves democratic and highlights its advocates' high value for the democratic processes.

Karl Marx in the late 19th century came in the world seeing technological development had more power than the economic dynamics of capitalism.  Socialism became the opposition to capitalism.  He advocated for this idea with social ownership as the means of production.

By the 1920's social democracy and communism were the 2 dominant political tendencies inside the international socialist movement.  The 20th century saw socialism emerging as the most influential secular political-economic worldview.

The Soviet Union was born as the world's first nominally socialist state.  This turned into a dictatorship.  Today, some socialists have also adopted other causes besides their economy such as environmentalism, feminism and liberalism.

Socialists include: general criticisms of the social effects of private ownership and control of capital (money).  They say capitalism causes:
1. poverty
2. low wages
3. unemployment
4. economic and social inequality
5. lack of economic security

Solution
1. Collective control over production, distribution and exchange agreement that outcome of this collective control in a society based upon social justice:
  a. social equality
  b. economic protection of people
  c. satisfying life

Most people compliant to Socialism believe that history is progressive and creates positive change on the condition that humans work to achieve such change.  Notice the word; change, change, change.  They are advocating a change in how we have operated.

This can also be called Communism.

One must ask oneself, why has the USA been so successful all these 240 years since 1776?  It's been that the poor and inconsequential people from other lands can come here and make a name for themselves.  They have not been followers but leaders.  They have pulled themselves up by their bootstraps and have risen in society.  For all people want of an equal society, all earning the same amount of money and being given the same amount of education, we are not robots.  We come to this world as a unique person with our own talents, not like everyone else.  We either take to our education as it stands or we don't.  We either prefer cake or pie, and some prefer both.  Some people like blondes, others like brunettes.

Face it, straight socialism that has hit England, Sweden, Denmark and Norway  and other states have great problems.  Swedes pay 55% of their income to taxes to cover all the freebies offered in their country.  Entrepreneurs are treated like pariahs in Sweden, so it's not a country if you want to start up a new business, though that has gone up by 25% since laws have eased up a bit.  "Ikea founder,  Ingvar Kamprad,  told Forbes magazine that the Swedish tax bureaucrats would frequently accuse him of using people and "only wanting profits".   " The state subsidizes Swedes to live in optimal conditions and to provide little work - and if they are put into labor, it's in a public enterprise run by the government, to help reduce the official share of unemployed people."  

Sweden is not a utopia.  They have gotten away with horrid civil rights.  Luckily, this did not happen in 1870 when my grandmother was born in Lumsheden.  This is horrible!  62,000 Swedes were forcibly sterilized by the Swedish government over a 40 year period, until 1974, by government researchers who judged families as being "racially inferior". These sterilizations included both the parents and their children. During this time period, a Swedish Television documentary revealed that Sweden lobotomized at least 500 "undesirables", in some cases without the consent of their families, and that lobotomizations may have numbered up to 4,500 people. These practices predated and surpassed the era of Nazi Germany.  This is not saying that Socialism allows this, but how the people are now thinking.  Has their religious values gone down the drain with the innovations of socialism?  What were their religious values in the first place that have been set aside?  This would never go over in Minnesota or Iowa with the Swedish descendants.  Maybe that's why the Swedish government has taken in so many refugees from the Middle East today. They feel guilty.  

 One noticeable socialistic problem  has been healthcare in England. People who need surgery quickly have to wait for there is a long line ahead of them.

 Scandinavia is made up of small countries.  All the people up till about 20 years ago were Swedes,  or Danes or Norwegians, probably all related to each other.  We'll see how it goes with all the Arabs that have arrived as immigrants since Sweden opened its doors to them.  Bernie Sanders is pushing for Sweden's  massive welfare state  with it's cradle-to-grave public aid, ultra-high taxation, and dishonest economic policies which he considers a success.  Are you really ready to get off the highway and go down this dirt road?  

This is the first thing I heard from the lips of a friend-member of the Democratic Party.  Free education!  I can visualize such classes.  Here in the USA, a freshman in college will just be a senior of high school.  I was a year ahead of myself in school and was the youngest student in college.  I didn't take all my classes seriously and almost flunked out of English Comp because I didn't want to walk down a very long path to get to the classroom as I "already knew it all" from grade school!.  If you put an investment of your own into school, you'll pay attention.  How much will ALL the students gain out of a free education?  He's offering free to all students; no special ones like those that earn high grades and deserve a free education.  Then again, think of the teachers in the colleges.  I taught in a community college and earned very little money.  In fact, I earned more in the city's elementary school than in the college.  Now they'll need more teachers and more schools.  It doesn't end.  More money to be spent from our taxes is the result.

Bernie spent a few months on  kibbutz Sha'ar HaAmakim in 1963. A kibbutz  is a socialistic invention of Russian Jews who came as immigrants to Palestine in the late 1800's early 1900's and lived together in order to protect each other and manage to raise their own food.  He must not have had a terrific time living on one, but it was socialism as he found it then, probably as he enjoyed work in the cowshed.  It was in November of 63 that John Kennedy was assassinated and Lyndon Baines Johnson became president, both Democrats.  1963 had Prime Minister David Ben Gurion to the 26th of June, and then Levi Eshkol.  Both were with Mapai, the ""Workers' Party of the Land of Israel") which  was a left-wing political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger into the modern-day Israeli Labor Party in 1968.  Both were socialistic political parties.  

Israel's 2 main political parties are still Likud, the party of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu which is a capitalistic ideology, and the Labor Party, led by Isaac Herzog, based on socialistic values and principles.  It has been Likud which has offered the most physical protection for Israelis during these times of being attacked so much by the Palestinians-especially the Hamas terrorism.  Israel is the 2nd largest state of start-up businesses, as expressed in the book called Start-Up Nation.  It has socialism health for those that need something really cheap, and also offers a capitalistic side of healthcare as well.  As new immigrants in 1980, my husband and I chose free health care and found out this meant a Russian doctor who didn't speak English and wore a chef's hat on his head.  Friends of ours opted for another healthcare program where they had a doctor from the USA.  Israel's socialism has evolved but Bernie Sanders' ideas have not.  


Is the supermarket "WinCo's" a capitalistic or socialistic venture?  It's owned by all the workers of the store. It's a  worker-owned grocery chain that pays benefits, pensions, living wages, and has lower prices than Walmart, another huge chain.
Capitalism as an exclusive economic model will fail the people in whole and generally only benefit a few, says reader, Dominicus, no doubt a socialist.   While both provide value, the real value at Walmart isn't the average worker, but the consumer who supports slave wages. 19 States now have passed legislation allowing what is referred to as a Public Benefit Corporation.  I shop at both places.  

Readers need to make a big study of the long term results of socialism in all the countries who have embraced it.   The voters most interested in socialism are very young and haven't learned a thing about socialism.   Some have stated that we have become a nation of give me, give me.  It's not like when Kennedy, also a Democrat,  was president in 1961 and he said, "Ask not what can your country do for you, but what can you do for your country."  Even he was promoting capitalistic values, not socialism.  As one of the rich elite Irish families that made it big time in the USA, I'm afraid today's Socialists would blame him for their woes, too.  Instead of using the successful wealthy as heroes to try to emulate, they are now becoming the scapegoats of our economic problems.  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism
http://www.nationalreview.com/article/425800/bernie-sanders-socialist-success-sweden
http://www.paoracle.com/SocialismWORKS!/?sw=Sweden
http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/capitalism-and-socialism-in-the-israeli-economy/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibbutz_volunteer
http://jewishbubba.blogspot.com/2016/02/bernie-sanders-actions-about-israel-and.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Israel
Book:  Letters From Israel-by Nadene Goldfoot, amazon.com for orders-
http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread964581/pg4
Resource: http://www.newsmax.com/TheWire/bernie-sanders-socialist-ideas-pushing/2016/02/08/id/713300/
http://www.ushistory.org/documents/ask-not.htm
http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/10/12/chart-who-does-the-u-s-govt-owe-17-trillion-to/
Book: Start Up Nation:  The Story of Israel's Economic Miracle by Dan Senor and Saul Singer
Update 3/22/16:  from 17 trillion to 19 trillion dollars we owe.  

Senator Bernard Sanders-Presidential Democrat Candidate

Nadene Goldfoot                                                     

The Junior Senator from Vermont, Bernie Sanders, Independant Democrat and a Socialist,  was born on September 8, 1941 to  to Dorothy (née Glassberg) and Eli Sanders  and raised in the borough of Brooklyn, in New York City, so he'll be 75 years old in September.  He would be good for one term, starting at age 75 and finishing at age 79.  His father was born on September 19, 1904, in SłopnicePoland  to a Jewish family, and emigrated to the United States in 1921. Eli's family was killed in the Holocaust.  His mother was born  on October 2, 1912 in New York City  to Jewish immigrant parents from Poland and Russia.  He attended Hebrew school in the afternoons, and celebrated his bar mitzvah in 1954 at age 13.  Growing up during the days of Nazis and the Holocaust shaped his interest in politics.  He spent several months on an Israeli kibbutz.  

Bernie graduated from the University of Chicago in 1964 with a BA in political science. While a student, Sanders was a member of the Young People's Socialist League and an active civil rights protest organizer for the Congress of Racial Equality and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.  In 1963, he attended the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom where Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his "I Have a Dream" speech.

After settling in Burlington, Vermont in 1968, Sanders ran unsuccessful third-party campaigns for governor and U.S. senator in the early to mid-1970s. As an independent, he was elected mayor of Burlington, Vermont's most populous city in 1981. Burlington's population in 2013 was 42,284.  It has several synagogues.  

In 1985, Burlington City Hall hosted a foreign policy speech by Noam Chomsky. In his introduction, Sanders praised Chomsky as "a very vocal and important voice in the wilderness of intellectual life in America" and said he was "delighted to welcome a person who I think we're all very proud of."

Noam Chomsky, yes, also Jewish, is one of the worst Israel bashers that I have run across besides his good friend, Norman Finkelstein. Noam has his degree in Linguistics but thinks he's the last word on Israel and the Palestinians.   If Bernie is going by what Chomsky thinks, no wonder he hasn't been very vocal about Israel.  I'm proud that he has retained some feeling for even being Jewish or that he evens has some feeling for Israel.   


  In 1988, Sanders married Jane O’Meara Driscoll (née Mary Jane O'Meara), who then became president of Burlington College, in Burlington, Vermont.  Their wedding trip was to Yaroslavl in the Soviet Union.  
He has one son.   This son, Levi Sanders, was born in 1969 to Susan Campbell Mott. He considers Mary Jane O'Meara's 3 children like his own, however.  She is his present wife.  
"Sanders has said he is "proud to be Jewish" but "not particularly religious.  His wife is Roman Catholic, and he has frequently expressed admiration for Pope Francis, saying that "the leader of the Catholic Church is raising profound issues. It is important that we listen to what he has said." Sanders shares Francis's beliefs on economic equality and has described him as "incredibly smart and brave."
As for his views on Israel, he has been critical but supportive.  He has been quite non committal about Israel to the press, but  is best friends with Richard Sugarman, a professor of Jewish philosophy at the University of Vermont who champions Zionism to his left-leaning students. His other best friend – and former chief of staff – is Huck Gutman, a University of Vermont professor of literature who is a passionate aficionado of the poetry of Yehuda Amichai.
When in Los Angeles campaigning on August 10th, he had  the comedian, Sarah Silverman, introduce him, so she left out her caustic Jewish attacks that she considers funny.  Sanders sees himself as "an old Jew."  
"Sanders’ well-known pique surfaced in June when Diane Rehm, the NPR talk show host, declaratively told him he had dual US-Israel citizenship, citing an anti-Semitic meme circulating on the Internet.

“Well, no, I do not have dual citizenship with Israel,” Sanders said. “I’m an American. I don’t know where that question came from. I am an American citizen, and I have visited Israel on a couple of occasions. No, I’m an American citizen, period.”
He backs Israel, but he believes in spending less on defense assistance to Israel and more on economic assistance in the Middle East. Of all the senators who do back Israel, why does it have to be a Jewish one who is ready to cut the important defense assistance?  

"
Do I think Israel has the right to exist? Yeah, I do. Do I believe that the United States should be playing an even-handed role in terms of its dealings with the Palestinian community in Israel? Absolutely I do.  He had been asked if he considered himself a Zionist and questioned what that was.  

He went on to explain to the Jerusalem Post newspaper that,  "Again, I think that you have volatile regions in the world, the Middle East is one of them, and the United States has got to work with other countries around the world to fight for Israel’s security and existence at the same time as we fight for a Palestinian state where the people in that country can enjoy a decent standard of living, which is certainly not the case right now. My long-term hope is that instead of pouring so much military aid into Israel, into Egypt, we can provide more economic aid to help improve the standard of living of the people living in that area." 

Ugh, it is the uninformed that think poverty is the cause of all problems.  Bernie should only know how much money the friends of Palestinians have given them only to see it spent on making and buying bombs and creating tunnels in order to bring in weapons and to use to kidnap Jews.  Israel has even had to pay their electricity bill!  

Perhaps the reason Sanders said this is  that Sanders is a self-proclaimed Socialist and is very naive about Jewish and Israeli history and facts. He knows very little about what Israel has done or the problems they face from this response, even though he lived on a kibbutz for a few months long ago.  He's 74 years old now and like he said, his interests are the USA and obviously they  haven't been on Israel.    He sees problems only through a socialist's eyes.  This is sad if he becomes president and must make decisions that gravely affect Israel.      

                                                        
What is socialism?  The Webster dictionary defines it as any of various economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods.  It's a  system of society or group living in which there is no private property.  Socialism is in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state.  It is also a stage of society in Marxist theory transitional between capitalism and communism and distinguished by unequal distribution of goods and pay according to work done. 

Russia, of course, is a communistic country.  Germany was a socialist state.  The Nazi Party was from "The National Socialist German Workers' Party."  which fought against the communist uprisings in post-World War I Germany.  The party was created as a means to draw workers away from communism and into völkischnationalism.   Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big businessanti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric, although such aspects were later downplayed in order to gain the support of industrial entities, and in the 1930s the party's focus shifted to anti-Semitic and anti-Marxist themes.  Of course, Sweden has a king, but it is socialistic and many feel it is not an example of successful socialism.  Israel has the kibbutz, which is a socialistic way of life, but they also are into individual success, too, having more business start-ups than most other countries.    

Yes, I question the difference between Communism and Socialism.  I'm not the only one. "The majority of self-declared socialist countries have been Marxist–Leninist states inspired by the example of the Soviet Union. They share a common definition of "socialism" and they refer to themselves as socialist states on the road to communism."

                                                             
This is the exact opposite of the Republican party who believes in small government and feels that the Democratic government of Obama has grown too large.   It could be too small for Sanders.  

Resource: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Sanders
http://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Where-does-Bernie-Sanders-the-Jewish-candidate-for-president-stand-on-Israel-412448
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Party
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_socialist_states
http://thefederalist.com/2015/08/11/scandinavia-isnt-a-socialist-paradise/